Testing for the Dual-Route Cascade Reading Model in the Brain: An fMRI Effective Connectivity Account of an Efficient Reading Style

Neuropsychological data about the forms of acquired reading impairment provide a strong basis for the theoretical framework of the dual-route cascade (DRC) model which is predictive of reading performance. However, lesions are often extensive and heterogeneous, thus making it difficult to establish precise functional anatomical correlates. Here, we provide a connective neural account in the aim of accommodating the main principles of the DRC framework and to make predictions on reading skill. We located prominent reading areas using fMRI and applied structural equation modeling to pinpoint distinct neural pathways. Functionality of regions together with neural network dissociations between words and pseudowords corroborate the existing neuroanatomical view on the DRC and provide a novel outlook on the sub-regions involved. In a similar vein, congruent (or incongruent) reliance of pathways, that is reliance on the word (or pseudoword) pathway during word reading and on the pseudoword (or word) pathway during pseudoword reading predicted good (or poor) reading performance as assessed by out-of-magnet reading tests. Finally, inter-individual analysis unraveled an efficient reading style mirroring pathway reliance as a function of the fingerprint of the stimulus to be read, suggesting an optimal pattern of cerebral information trafficking which leads to high reading performance

Influence de la présentation des mots pour des lecteurs dyslexiques

International audienceIn this article, we present an experiment to measuring the effect of three ways of presenting words on reading performance. Twelve non- dyslexic subjects and eight dyslexic subjects participated in this experiment. We have shown that a form of presentation of words, among the three, brought better reading results for dyslexic subjects.Dans cet article, nous présentons une expérimentation de mesure de l'effet de trois formes de présentation des mots sur les performances de lecture. Douze sujets non dyslexiques et huit sujets dyslexiques ont participé à cette expérience. Nous avons pu montrer qu'une forme de présentation des mots, parmi les trois, amenait de meilleurs résultats de lecture pour les sujets dyslexiques

Préservation de la perception de la parole catégorielle dans l'autisme avec et sans retard de langage

A reduced influence of prior knowledge has been considered to characterize perceptual abilities in people with autism. In this article, we examine this claim by assessing nonlinguistic and linguistic auditory perception abilities in adults with autism, and by further distinguishing between autism with or without a history of delayed language development. We did not observe any reduced influence of prior language knowledge on the perception of speech stimuli nor did we observe any increased perceptual abilities for atypical variants of speech stimuli or nonspeech auditory stimuli, and this relative to a control group matched on age, nonverbal intellectual efficiency, and reading abilities. Our results challenge models claiming a reduced influence of prior knowledge on perception across domains in the AS.Thèse de doctora